Dr. Vladimir Gotlieb on Cancer Prevention and Early Detection

When Anemia Signals Something More: The Importance of Early Detection

In recognition of Cancer Prevention and Early Detection Month this April, Physician Affiliate Group of New York, P.C. (PAGNY) spotlights Dr. Vladimir Gotlieb, Chief of Hematology and Oncology at NYC Health + Hospitals/Metropolitan, who explains why anemia can sometimes be the first indication of a more serious condition, including cancer.

Anemia is often assumed to be a simple iron deficiency, but it can have many causes. In addition to iron deficiency, vitamin B12 or folate deficiencies and bone marrow disorders like Myelodysplastic Syndrome may play a role. In many cases, anemia is a symptom of an underlying condition such as Colon Cancer, diabetes, or kidney disease. Treating iron deficiency alone may improve lab values but can also mask a more serious diagnosis if the root cause is not identified.

An Early Warning Sign

Anemia can be an early sign of cancer, particularly gastrointestinal cancers like Colon Cancer. It may prompt further evaluation, such as a colonoscopy, leading to early detection. Blood cancers, including leukemia and Multiple Myeloma, may also present with anemia.

Certain patients require closer attention, including older adults with prior chemotherapy exposure and those with nutritional deficiencies or malabsorption. A rise in colon cancer among younger patients also highlights anemia as an important early clue.

When to Investigate Further

Symptoms such as persistent fatigue, shortness of breath, chest pain, or neurologic changes should prompt evaluation. In some cases, including patients with Sickle Cell Disease, symptoms may be severe and require urgent care.

If the cause of anemia is unclear, physicians may use advanced diagnostics, including a bone marrow biopsy, to evaluate blood cell production and rule out conditions such as Multiple Myeloma.

Advancing Early Detection

Recognizing anemia as a potential warning sign is critical to improving outcomes. Physicians use clinical expertise and advanced diagnostics to detect serious conditions earlier, when they are most treatable.

With continued advances, including immunotherapy, more patients are surviving and thriving after cancer.

A Personal Reflection from Dr. Gotlieb

Dr. Gotlieb’s message reflects PAGNY’s commitment to education, prevention, and personalized care, ensuring every patient’s unique journey is recognized and supported.

“I enjoy helping people get through the difficult life experience of fighting cancer,” says Dr. Gotlieb. “I became a doctor because of my grandfather, who dedicated his life to serving others regardless of their socio-economic background. Rich or poor, everyone gets sick and needs help. To be a doctor means helping people overcome disease and believe in better days ahead.”

At NYC Health + Hospitals, that commitment extends beyond treatment. “We have a tradition in our department. When a patient completes treatment and is cancer-free, they ring a bell. It is a meaningful moment that helps them turn the page and move forward with their lives.”

Why Hematology and Oncology?

“I love my field,” Dr. Gotlieb shares. “I enjoy looking through the microscope and building the story behind what we see. Those three types of blood cells can tell you so much about a person’s health.”

He also points to the rapid evolution of cancer care. “I value being able to offer treatments like immunotherapy, which do not carry the same side effects we used to see and instead help the immune system fight disease. Oncology has a promising future. More and more patients are surviving cancer and going on to live full lives after diagnosis.”